小論文を書く際の文体のルール

四部構成
小論文は、問題提起、意見提示、展開（論拠提示）、結論の四部構成で書くと良いです。

問題提起
最初に問題点を整理し、具体的な問題提起を行います。これはイエスかノーの問題提起が望ましいです。

意見提示
イエス・ノーのどちらの立場を取るかを明確にし、事柄の状況を正しく把握します。全体の 40 パーセント前後が目安です。

展開（論拠提示）
 自分の立場の根拠を示すために、事柄の背景、原因、結果、対策などを掘り下げて書く部分です。全体の 40~50 パーセントほどを占めるのが一般的です。

結論
最後に全体を整理し、明確な結論を述べます。余韻を持たせるような締めの文は不要です。

反対意見の考慮
 一方的な意見を避けるため、反対意見を取り入れつつ、自分の主張を述べることが推奨されます。

論理的な文章
 四部構成の「型」を守ることで、常に論理的な文章になるように心掛けます。

段落の利用
 制限字数が多い場合や複雑な問題を扱う場合は、各部分を複数の段落に分けることが推奨されます。

文体
小論文では、「である調」を使用し、客観的かつ簡潔な表現を心掛けます。

キーワードの理解
 小論文の課題に含まれるキーワードの意味を正しく理解し、その上で自己の意見を構築します。

全体の構成の確認
自身の小論文が序論、本論、結論の流れになっているかを確認します。各部分が連続性を持ち、全体としての一貫性があるかを見直します。

注意点
 漢字や仮名遣いに問題がないかを確認し、適切な語彙を使用し、話し言葉、俗語、流行語などを避けます。また、各文（センテンス）では、主語と述語が適切に対応しているか確認します。

パラグラフの管理
各パラグラフ（段落）は一つの話題に集中するべきです。一つのパラグラフに複数の話題を詰め込まず、関連性のない話題は別のパラグラフで取り上げます。

論理性の確保
話題の展開には首尾一貫性が必要です。あるパラグラフとその前後のパラグラフとの間に適切な筋道がつけられているか確認します。
以上のルールを守ることで、小論文は論理的であり、問題の理解、意見の提示、根拠の提供、結論の形成の各段階が明確になり、読者が自分の主張を理解しやすくなります。また、公式な文体（である調）を使用することで、情報を明確に伝え、全体としての統一感を出すことができます。

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